India's Weather Satellites: INSAT and GISAT – UPSC Notes
India has developed an advanced network of meteorological satellites to improve weather forecasting and disaster management. The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) series provides continuous monitoring of cloud movement, cyclones, rainfall, humidity, and atmospheric conditions. These satellites support the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in issuing timely weather warnings.
The INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR satellites carry sophisticated meteorological payloads, including imagers and atmospheric sounders that monitor cloud formation, sea surface temperature, and water vapour distribution. They play a crucial role in cyclone tracking and monsoon forecasting.
The Geo Imaging Satellite (GISAT) series is designed to provide high-frequency Earth observation from geostationary orbit. GISAT enhances real-time monitoring of natural disasters, vegetation, water resources, forest fires, and weather systems. Together, INSAT and GISAT strengthen India's disaster preparedness and environmental monitoring capabilities.
UPSC Prelims Facts
- Space Agency: ISRO
- Meteorological Agency: IMD
- INSAT: Weather monitoring and communication
- GISAT: High-frequency Earth observation from geostationary orbit
Mains Relevance
GS Paper III – Space Technology, Disaster Management, and Environmental Monitoring.
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