Akbar's Administration

Central government: Wakil (prime minister, later reduced in powers); Diwan/Wazir (revenue and finance); Mir Bakshi (military pay/recruitment); Mir Saman (royal household); Sadr-us-Sudur (religious grants); Qazi-ul-Quzat (justice).
Provincial government: Empire divided into subas (12 in 1580, increased to 15 by the end of reign); officials: Subadar/Sipah Salar, Diwan, Bakshi, Sadr, Qazi, Waqia Navis.
Local: Sarkar (headed by Faujdar) → Pargana (Shiqdar, Amil, Qanungo) → Village.
Revenue: Todar Mal's Dahsala (1580); Raja Todar Mal and Muzaffar Khan reorganised finance.
Military: Mansabdari system with the dagh and chehra system.
Religious policy:
- Abolished pilgrim tax (1563) and jizya (1564).
- Ibadat Khana (1575) at Fatehpur Sikri, a hall for religious discussions.
- Mahzar (1579): Akbar became final arbiter in religious disputes.
- Din-i-Ilahi (1582): ethical-spiritual order, not a religion.
- Principle of Sulh-i-Kul (peace with all).
Rajput policy: Matrimonial alliances (Raja Bharmal's daughter), inducting Rajput nobles (Man Singh, Todar Mal, Birbal as Hindu nobles).
Cultural patronage: Abul Fazl (Akbarnama, Ain-i-Akbari), Faizi, Tansen, Birbal, Raja Man Singh (Navratnas). Translation bureau (Maktab Khana) for Sanskrit works (Mahabharata as Razmnama).
Regent: Bairam Khan until 1560.

Q1. The Ibadat Khana was built at: (a) Agra (b) Fatehpur Sikri (c) Lahore (d) Delhi Answer: (b). Built in 1575.

Q2. Ain-i-Akbari was written by: (a) Badauni (b) Faizi (c) Abul Fazl (d) Todar Mal Answer: (c).

Q3. Jizya was abolished by Akbar in: (a) 1556 (b) 1562 (c) 1564 (d) 1575 Answer: (c).