Buddhism vs Jainism
UPSC Notes
Both Buddhism and Jainism emerged around the 6th century BCE and challenged several features of contemporary Brahmanical religious practices.
Similarities
Both questioned ritualism.
Both emphasised ethical conduct.
Both accepted karma and rebirth.
Both stressed liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
Both used languages accessible to ordinary people.
Both developed monastic traditions.
Differences
| Buddhism | Jainism |
|---|---|
| Founded by Gautama Buddha | Associated with Mahavira |
| Middle Path | Strong emphasis on asceticism |
| Anatman | Belief in Jiva/soul |
| Nirvana | Moksha/Kaivalya |
| Moderate approach to non-violence | Extremely strict Ahimsa |
| No permanent soul | Permanent soul is central |
| Middle Path | Severe penance important |
Key Pointers
Both arose in 6th century BCE
Both opposed excessive ritualism
Both accepted karma and rebirth
Anatman → Buddhism
Jiva → Jainism
Anekantavada → Jainism
Middle Path → Buddhism
MCQs
Q9. Which concept distinguishes Buddhism from Jainism?
(a) Karma
(b) Rebirth
(c) Anatman
(d) Liberation
Answer: (c) Anatman
Explanation: Buddhism rejects the idea of a permanent self through the doctrine of Anatman, while Jainism considers the soul or Jiva fundamental.
Category: Ancient History – Buddhism and Jainism
Q10. Which feature is common to both Buddhism and Jainism?
(a) Acceptance of Vedic ritualism as the sole path
(b) Rejection of karma
(c) Emphasis on ethical conduct and liberation
(d) Belief in a creator God as central to liberation
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Both traditions emphasised ethical behaviour, karma, rebirth and liberation.
Category: Ancient History – Buddhism and Jainism